Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: Clinical-pathological features and management, a single-center experience.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare tumor of low malignancy that occurs most often in females. The study describes the clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumor and common differential diagnoses. Data were collected from a prospectively maintained database. Of 1661 patients operated for pancreatic tumors between January 2001 and September 2018, 15 patients were recorded. Patients included 12 females and 3 males, median age 40 (range 10 -87) years. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was diagnostic in eight patients and a preoperative biopsy in eight out of 10 patients. Median tumor size was 5 cm (range 2 -16 cm), 12 tumors were in the head, six in the body, and three in the tail of the gland. All patients except one had radical resection including one with hepatic and lymph node metastases, no patient underwent oncologic treatment. All patients are alive from 17.5 to 209.4 months postoperatively and without recurrence. Radical operation is usually curative and should also be offered to patients with metastases or recurrence as oncologic treatment has limited effect.

Diagnosis and treatment of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours: State of the art.

Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours (BP-NET) are a heterogeneous population of neoplasms with different pathology, clinical behaviour and prognosis compared to the more common lung cancers. The management of BP-NET patients is largely based on studies with a low level of evidence and extrapolation of data obtained from more common types of neuroendocrine tumours. This review reflects our view of the current state of the art of diagnosis and treatment of patients with BP-NET.

Ghrelin in the fetal pancreas - a digital quantitation study.

Ghrelin is a hormone produced by specialized neuroendocrine cells located in the fetal pancreas. In the adult, ghrelin has multiple effects, but in the fetus the role of ghrelin and the distribution of ghrelin-producing cells is not well documented. The aim of this study was to describe and quantitate the number of ghrelin positive cells in the pancreas during gestation. The material consisted of pancreatic tissue from 19 fetuses at different gestational ages. Immunohistochemical staining was performed, and the expression was quantitated using an automated digital image analysis system. The results showed ghrelin-producing cells as scattered single cells in ductular structures and acini throughout the gestation. From midgestation they were also found in the periphery of the islets as a rim of cells. A tendency towards a high ghrelin expression during early gestation and a stable expression from midgestation to term was observed. In conclusion, the effects of fetal ghrelin are not fully understood, but the varying distribution of ghrelin positive cells indicates different effects of ghrelin during development.

[Incidence, pathology and clinical course and symptoms of neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumours]. / Incidens, patologi og klinik ved neuroendokrine gastrointestinale tumorer.

Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NETs) are unusual. Their incidence, the different tumour types and growth patterns are described. The tumours should be classified according to the WHO 2000 classification and the Tumour Node Metastasis classification according to guidelines from the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society. Important parameters are localization, size, hormonal secretion, mitotic index, and proliferation index (Ki-67) of the primary tumour. Patients with GEP NET should be referred to as few centres as possible in order to obtain the highest experience and the greatest understanding of these tumours thereby achieving the capacity to offer patients the best possible treatment and to create optimal conditions for research.